Potencial Antioxidante de Proteínas Extraídas de Feijão Comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. BRSMG-Madrepérola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2018v22n3Espp38-42Resumo
O feijão fornece nutrientes essenciais que podem substituir parcialmente outros produtos proteicos para a população de baixa renda. No entanto, os grãos de feijão estão sujeitos aos fenômenos de escurecimento e endurecimento pós-colheita, que resultam na perda de qualidade tecnológica e sensorial, além da rejeição do produto por grande parte dos consumidores. Quando os processos que resultam nestes fenômenos não são controlados, são necessários mecanismos de aproveitamento deste grão para evitar seu descarte. Uma forma de aproveitamento compreende o fracionamento dos componentes presentes no grão para a obtenção de diversos bioprodutos com propriedades bioativas, tais como os peptídeos bioativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a extração proteica de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. BRSMG-Madrepérola a partir de diferentes métodos de extração e verificar a atividade antioxidante in vitro por FRAP e DPPH dos extratos proteicos. O melhor método de extração proteica foi o método de extração alcalina (pH 8,0), com até 28,9 mg/mL para o feijão ETC. Já a maior atividade antioxidante, verificada pelo método FRAP, foi alcançada na extração que compreende o uso de acetato de sódio 20 mM pH 5,0. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade de obtenção de antioxidantes de ocorrência natural e a agregação de valor a substratos proteicos de baixo custo, ou que seriam descartados por serem sujeitos aos fenômenos de endurecimento.
Palavras-chave: Endurecimento. Bioatividade. Antioxidante. DPPH. FRAP.
Abstract
Common beans provide essential nutrients that can partially replace other protein products for the low-income population. However, bean grains are subject to the phenomena of darkening and post-harvest hardening, which result in the loss of technological and sensorial quality, in addition to rejection of the product by most consumers. When the processes that result in these phenomena are not controlled, mechanisms of utilization of this grain are necessary to avoid its discard. An alternative to integral use comprises the fractionation of the components present in the grain to obtain several bioproducts with bioactive properties, such as the bioactive peptides. The aim of this work was to perform the protein extraction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. BRSMG- cv. BRSMG-Madrepérola from different extraction methods and to verify the antioxidant activity of the protein extracts in vitro by FRAP and DPPH methods. The method that resulted in higher protein extraction was the alkaline extraction method (pH 8.0), 28.9 mg / mL for ETC beans. The highest antioxidant activity, verified by the FRAP method, was achieved in the extraction method which included the use of 20 mM sodium acetate pH 5.0. The “Hard-to-cook” phenomenon did not seem to affect definitively the bioactivity of the bioactive proteins obtained, suggesting that it is possible to use these components as an alternative for the use of the grains affected by the hardening process.
Keywords: Hardening. Bioactivity. Antioxidant. DPPH, FRAP.
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