Epidemiologia da Norovirose e Estudo do Papel do Cão como Reservatório para este Agente Zoonotico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n1p2-11Resumo
Os norovírus foram os primeiros agentes virais ligados a doenças gastrointestinais em humanos. Por muito tempo, foram considerados como causa secundária de gastroenterite, após o rotavírus. O desenvolvimento de técnicas moleculares favoreceu dados mais claros sobre o impacto epidemiológico dos norovírus, que são atualmente reconhecidos como principal causa de surtos de gastroenterite não bacteriana esporádica em crianças e adultos. Em análise da diversidade genética e recombinação dos norovírus sabe-se que os mesmos estão presentes em várias espécies animais, incluindo os cães, o que denota na possível exposição dos seres humanos a estas novas cepas recém-descobertas. Devido à intensa relação social atualmente observada entre humanos e animais de estimação, sugerem-se novas investigações sobre o potencial zoonótico deste norovírus. O método de pesquisa utilizado neste trabalho foi uma revisão de literatura, que teve como objetivo revisar toda literatura atual sobre a epidemiologia e relevância do cão como potencial reservatório para este agente. Ainda são poucos os relatos sobre a presença do norovírus em cães, que podem apresentar um potencial de transferência zoonótica, porém devido à sua maior proximidade com os seres humanos na atualidade, considera-se a importância de novos estudos para avaliar o papel do cão como reservatório do norovírus, em especial no Brasil, pela inexistência de relatos até o presente momento.
Palavras-chave: Cães. Gastroenterite não Bacteriana. Risco Zoonótico.
Abstract
Noroviruses were the first viral agents linked to gastrointestinal diseases in humans. For a long time, they were considered as secondary cause of gastroenteritis after rotavirus. The development of molecular techniques has favored clearer data on the epidemiological impact of noroviruses, which are currently recognized as the main cause of outbreaks of sporadic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children and adults. In analyzing the genetic diversity and recombination of noroviruses it is known that they are present in several animal species, including dogs, which denotes the possible exposure of humans to these newly discovered strains. Due to the intense social relationship currently observed between humans and pets, further research on the zoonotic potential of this norovirus is suggested. The research method used is a review of the literature, which aimed to review all current literature on the epidemiology and relevance of the dog as potential reservoir for this agent. There are still few reports on the presence of norovirus in dogs, which may present a potential for zoonotic transfer, but due to its greater proximity to humans nowadays, the importance of new studies to evaluate the role of the dog as norovirus reservoir, especially in Brazil, due to the lack of reports to date.
Keywords: Dog. Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis. Zoonotic Potential.
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